Diffusion of DNA on Atomically Flat 2D Material Surfaces

Accurate localization of biomolecules is pivotal for understanding biological processes. Utilizing the atomically flat surface of 2D materials offers a promising route to achieve this without the need for tethering or constraining. Here we comprehensively investigate the binding and diffusion of DNA on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) surfaces. Our findings reveal non-specific binding of DNA to pristine hBN, with subsequent diffusion and confinement within the 2D plane. Through single-molecule experiments and computational techniques, we explore DNA dynamics, and the effects of defects, step edges and domain boundaries on the motion, which gives insights on the interactions between solid-state surfaces and biomolecules. By engineering a narrow hBN ribbon structure, we enhance confinement, demonstrating its potential in nanofluidic guiding of biomolecules. Our 2D platform serves as a proving ground for next generation high-throughput single-molecule manipulation techniques for enabling applications in biotechnology and nanotechnology.