Barrier-free liquid condensates of nanocatalysts as effective concentrators of catalysis

Molecular confinement of catalysts enhances the catalytic activity significantly. However, physicochemical barriers in traditional confinements restrict the free-passage of substrates/products. To obtain a barrier-free confinement of catalysts, here we explored the liquid-liquid phase separation. Using favourable ionic strength and crowding agents, we recruit the protein-inorganic-composites in phase separated liquid condensates from a solution. The phase separation propensity of these nanocomposites was seen to be independent of the native conformation of the component protein. Using standard catalytic oxidation-reduction reactions, we show that the close-proximity yet diffusive nature of catalysts in solution amplifies the homogeneous catalytic-efficiency of metal particles significantly. Overall, our work demonstrates the roadmap of using inorganic catalysts in homogeneous homogenous solution phase with amplified efficiency and longevity.