Repeat DNA-PAINT suppresses background and non-specific signals in optical nanoscopy

DNA-PAINT is a versatile optical super-resolution technique relying on the transient binding of fluorescent DNA imagers to target epitopes. Its performance in biological samples is often constrained by strong background signals and non-specific binding events, both exacerbated by high imager concentrations. Here we describe Repeat DNA-PAINT, a method that enables a substantial reduction in imager concentration, thus suppressing spurious signals. Additionally, Repeat DNA-PAINT reduces photoinduced target-site loss and can accelerate sampling, all without affecting spatial resolution.