E-Selectin Orchestrates IL-1B-Dependent Neuroinflammation via NLRP3 in Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy

Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) is a frequent and dose-limiting complication of cancer therapy, yet the upstream mechanisms coupling vascular activation to neuroinflammation remain poorly defined. Here we identify E-selectin as a critical orchestrator of vincristine-induced neuropathy. Systematic interrogation of endothelial adhesion molecules in a murine model of VIPN revealed that blockade of E-selectin, but not ICAM-1, PECAM-1 or P-selectin, completely prevented mechanical hypersensitivity and markedly reduced F4/80+; immune cell accumulation in dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerves. Genetic deletion of E-selectin conferred equivalent protection, despite the absence of structural loss of intraepidermal or myelinated fibres, indicating a predominantly functional neuroimmune pathology. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated that vincristine induces a conserved stress and neuroinflammation-associated transcriptional programme in dorsal root ganglia, with immune and stromal populations acting as dominant signalling hubs. Genetic or pharmacological perturbation of E-selectin did not abolish injury-associated pathways but redistributed cell-cell communication networks, reducing immune-cell dominance and reshaping interferon and metabolic signalling states without inducing Sele expression. Mechanistically, E-selectin exerted non-canonical effects beyond endothelial adhesion. Local E-selectin administration was sufficient to induce macrophage-dependent mechanical hypersensitivity that was abolished in Fut4/7-deficient mice and following phagocyte depletion. In macrophages, E-selectin enhanced vincristine-driven NF-KB activation, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and IL-1B release. Together, these findings position E-selectin as an upstream regulator of IL-1B-dependent neuroinflammation in VIPN and identify selective targeting of E-selectin-mediated immune-neuron interactions as a therapeutic strategy for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.