mixed model

Differential and regionally distinct molecular responses distinguish FLASH and conventional RT in a medulloblastoma model while preserving therapeutic outcomes

Hypo-fractionated FLASH and conventional radiotherapy (3x10 Gy) each ablated orthotopic human medulloblastoma in nude mice; FLASH evoked distinct microglial and hippocampal transcriptional programs and less neuroinflammation.

Accelerating drug development in infectious diseases using zebrafish disease models supported by pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modeling as new approach methodology (NAM)

Zebrafish larva infection experiments plus pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling gave bedaquiline's in vivo Emax and EC50 against M. marinum in about 2 months; waterborne clarithromycin barely entered larvae.

Tfh dysfunction is associated with poor responses to HBV vaccination

HBV vaccine-draining lymph node biopsies tie low antibody titers to reduced, interferon-skewed GNG4+ germinal center T follicular helper cells; public B cell clonotypes did not track response.

An integrated pipeline to count individual transcripts with single-cell resolution

HCR3.0 RNA-FISH linked to RS-FISH spot detection labels transcripts in C. elegans embryos, larvae and adults, and yields per-neuron counts of short insulin-like peptide mRNAs in L2 larvae.

An open field phenomics resource for multimodal maize yield prediction across divergent environments

Drone imagery from 356 flights in 19 Genomes to Fields maize environments; vegetation-index functional principal components complement genomic kernels, predicting yield of held-out hybrids at r up to 0.501.

Brain morphological pattern is associated with the presence, severity, and transition of transdiagnostic psychiatric disorders in preadolescents

In 8,672 ABCD preadolescents, one canonical-correlation-derived brain morphology variate links higher cognition with lower psychopathology and tracks cumulative psychiatric diagnoses and 2-year diagnostic transitions.

Impact of Reduced Chlorophyll Levels in Leaves on Soybean Yield, Seed Composition, Pod/Seed Photosynthesis, and Chlorophyll Levels in Pod and Seed Tissues

Among 25 low-chlorophyll soybean mutants, a Lincoln mutant raised seed protein without yield loss, while Clark-derived Y11/y11 lowered seed oil alongside reduced pod gross photosynthesis.

Physical interactions between pollen and pistil tissues mediate cryptic female choice in Brassica rapa

Brassica rapa pollen tube length after growing through recipient pistil tissue is donor-by-recipient specific, predicts siring success under competition, and matters more in longer-styled recipients.

Dissociable Neural Responses to Conditioned Social Threats are Modulated by Spatial Proximity in PTSD and MDD

In 50 trauma-exposed veterans, thalamic hypoactivity to near virtual-reality threats tracked both PTSD and MDD severity, while amygdala hyperactivity to far threats tracked only PTSD severity.

Predator-prey scaling laws support a suspension-feeding lifestyle in Cambrian luolishaniid lobopodians

Cambrian luolishaniid lobopodian appendage mesh spacing scales sublinearly with body length, and their predator-prey size ratios match modern suspension feeders rather than raptorial chaetognaths.

Heavy Resistance Exercise Training in Older Men: A Responder and Inter-individual Variability Analysis

Sixteen weeks of heavy resistance exercise in older men produces true inter-individual variability, yet multi-outcome classification shows 82% respond robustly or excellently and only 5% respond poorly.

Long-term evaluation of the association between dominance, bib size, sex and age

Across eleven years and more than 1,800 sociable weavers, black bib size grew with age but did not predict dominance; age predicted dominance in males only.

dFCExpert: Learning Dynamic Functional Connectivity Patterns with Modularity and State Experts

dFCExpert learns dynamic functional connectivity patterns from fMRI data using modularity and state experts, showing superior performance on large-scale datasets.

Age associations with cortical and subcortical brain structure in adolescents age 9-17

The paper uses an extended mixed-effects model to analyze age-related changes in brain structure across a large adolescent cohort, finding distinct developmental patterns in cortical and subcortical regions.

Single Cell Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Immunotherapy-Driven Bone Marrow Niche Remodeling in AML

CosMx spatial transcriptomics of bone marrow from 6 refractory/relapsed AML patients shows CD14+ monocytes rising in leukemia-cell neighborhoods after pembrolizumab in responders, dendritic cells in nonresponders.

Increased Inflammation as well as Decreased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Translation Differentiate Pancreatic Islets of Pre-symptomatic Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes and Non-diabetic Cases

Laser-microdissected islets of 3 multiple-autoantibody-positive stage 1 type 1 diabetes donors versus matched controls show 202 altered proteins: immune and glycolytic up, translation and ER-stress proteins down.

Functional connectomics reveals general wiring rule in mouse visual cortex

Functionally similar neurons in mouse visual cortex connect preferentially across layers and areas, including feedback, and feature tuning, not receptive-field position, predicts synapses beyond axon-dendrite proximity.

A site-wise reliability analysis of the ABCD diffusion fractional anisotropy and cortical thickness: impact of scanner platforms

The paper evaluates test-retest reliability of brain imaging metrics across multiple sites and scanners, finding significant differences in reliability between scanner types.

Transcranial focused ultrasound-mediated neurochemical and functional connectivity changes in deep cortical regions in humans

Theta-burst transcranial ultrasound lowered GABA+ in the posterior cingulate but not dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in 24 adults, while raising resting-state connectivity of both targets.

Effects of Body Mass on Leg and Vertical Stiffness in Running Humans

This study examines how leg and vertical stiffness scale with body mass in humans, finding isometric scaling overall but slight negative allometry in vertical stiffness for females at certain speeds.

A Mixed-Modeling Framework for Whole-Brain Dynamic Network Analysis

This paper introduces a mixed-modeling framework to analyze dynamic brain networks and their associations with phenotypic traits, demonstrating its use in linking fluid intelligence to dynamic connectivity patterns in resting-state fMRI data.

GPT-2's activations predict the degree of semantic comprehension in the human brain

Across 101 listeners, how well GPT-2 layer-8 activations predict fMRI responses to spoken stories tracks story comprehension, with a correlation of R = 0.50 across subject-story pairs.

NBR: Network-based R-statistics for (unbalanced) longitudinal samples

The paper introduces NBR, an R-package extending Network-Based Statistics to handle unbalanced longitudinal samples using mixed-effects models, showing higher statistical power in detecting significant brain connectivity subnetworks associated with state anxiety.

Hippocampal subfield volumes in abstinent men and women with a history of alcohol use disorder

The paper examines how alcohol use disorder, gender, age, and abstinence affect hippocampal subfield volumes in abstinent individuals.

What is the test-retest reliability of common task-fMRI measures? Newempirical evidence and a meta-analysis

Task-fMRI regional activation has poor test-retest reliability: meta-analytic mean intraclass correlation .397 across 77 un-thresholded substudies, and .067 to .485 for 11 tasks in HCP and Dunedin retest samples.

Alarm tones, music and their elements: A mixed methods analysis of reported waking sounds for the prevention of sleep inertia.

This study investigates how melodic elements of waking sounds affect sleep inertia using self-reported data from 50 participants.

Consolidation alters motor sequence-specific distributed representations

In human fMRI, consolidated finger sequences are more discriminable than new ones in sensorimotor putamen, premotor and prefrontal cortices, but less so in hippocampus and caudate.

Movement responses to environment: fast inference of variation among southern elephant seals with a mixed effects model

The paper uses a mixed effects model to rapidly infer individual variation in southern elephant seal movement responses to environmental factors.

Mindboggling morphometry of human brains

Open source Mindboggle pipeline extracts cortical folds, sulci and fundi and computes diverse shape measures, yielding normative morphometry for 101 manually labeled healthy human brains.