Influenza Virus Research Studies

Dairy cattle movement networks govern the spread and persistence of H5N1 B3.13 in the United States

The paper analyzes the spread of H5N1 B3.13 in U.S. dairy cattle using genomic data and movement networks, finding that cattle movement, not birds, drives the outbreak.

H5N5 virus transmission is driven by repeated cross-Atlantic introductions and transmission among high latitude seabirds

This study shows H5N5 viruses have been repeatedly introduced across the Atlantic by high latitude seabirds, with more frequent introductions in fall and spring, and a distinct ecology from H5N1.

Influenza H1N1 Imprinting Uncouples Serological and B-Cell Responses in Mice

This study shows that immunological imprinting in mice uncouples serological and B-cell responses, with B-cell repertoires updating independently of serum antibody specificity.

Influenza A virus H5Nx genotypes assigned by genetic similarity are incongruent with global phylogenies

This paper evaluates H5Nx influenza virus genotyping tools and finds they often group viruses with distinct evolutionary histories due to reassortment and reference bias.

A Synthetic Virology Platform for Rapid Prototyping of Influenza A Virus mutants

This paper presents a synthetic virology platform for rapidly prototyping influenza A virus mutants with altered antigenic sites using computational design and artificial synthesis.

Amoxicillin Worsens Mortality from Viral Respiratory Tract Infection

This study shows that amoxicillin use during influenza A infection increases mortality and worsens secondary bacterial pneumonia, particularly in males.

N1 neuraminidase monoclonal antibodies 2H08 and 3H03 have decreased binding and inhibition properties against H1N1 influenza viruses circulating after 2018

The paper shows that two N1 neuraminidase monoclonal antibodies lose activity against recent H1N1 influenza viruses due to changes in electrostatic surface potential, but remain active against H5N1.

Evaluation of an H5 influenza virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine in lactating dairy cows

This study evaluates an H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine in lactating dairy cows, finding it reduces viral replication and disease in mammary glands.

Comparative Distribution of α2,3- and α2,6-Linked Sialic Acid Receptors and Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Binding in Sheep, Goats, and Alpacas

This study examines sialic acid receptor distribution and H5N1 virus binding in sheep, goats, and alpacas, finding species-specific differences in receptor abundance and virus binding.

Designing a reoriented H5 hemagglutinin to generate stem-directed, heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A viruses

This study designs a reoriented H5 hemagglutinin vaccine to induce stem-directed antibodies, providing cross-protective immunity against diverse influenza A viruses.

Mathematical AI Predicts 40% and 57% Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against H1N1 and H3N2, Respectively, for the 2026--2027 U.S. Season

The paper uses mathematical distances from HA sequences to forecast influenza vaccine effectiveness for the 2026--2027 season, predicting 40% and 57% effectiveness against H1N1 and H3N2, respectively.

Targeted Engineering of Human MxA Yields a Broad-Spectrum Super-Restrictor of Human-Adapted Influenza Viruses

This study engineered hMxA to restrict multiple human-adapted influenza viruses as effectively as mMx1 by combining nuclear relocalization and specific amino acid changes.

Investigating the evolutionary plasticity of influenza virus splicing using influenza A virus segment 7 as a model system

This study investigates the evolutionary flexibility of influenza A virus splicing by testing mutations in SD and SA sites, finding that small changes can activate alternative splicing and produce viable variants with altered ion channel and M1 proteins.

Genetic modification of primary airway epithelial cell cultures defines MX1 as a barrier for zoonotic influenza A viruses in the human respiratory epithelium

MDL-001: an Oral, Direct-Acting Broad-Spectrum Antiviral for Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) and Chronic Hepatitis In Vivo

This paper evaluates MDL-001, a broad-spectrum antiviral, showing potent in vitro and in vivo activity against influenza, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, and hepatitis B/C/D viruses, with improved efficacy compared to existing treatments.

Bat-borne influenza A H9N2 virus shows species-specific replication and transmission

This study compares the susceptibility of different species to bat-borne H9N2 influenza virus, finding that Eidolon helvum is highly susceptible and transmits efficiently, while pigs and quails are not.

Disruption of the polyuracil tract can greatly enhance immunostimulatory properties of influenza delVGs

This study identifies mutations disrupting the polyuracil tract in influenza delVGs that significantly enhance interferon production and suppress replication-competent virus growth.

A spatial transmission model for evaluating interventions during highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks

The paper evaluates control measures for avian influenza outbreaks using a spatial transmission model, showing that intervention effectiveness varies with outbreak stage and policy objectives.

Evolutionary reconstruction of bat influenza A viruses reveals segment-specific histories and host-associated selection

This study reconstructs the evolutionary history of bat influenza A viruses, finding they diverged 100-200 years ago and show segment-specific selection and host transition dynamics.

Territorial risk of high pathogenicity avian influenza in France is associated with farmed species diversity

The paper shows that greater diversity of livestock farms in France is associated with lower risk of high pathogenicity avian influenza, suggesting livestock diversity can reduce disease spread.

Staphylococcus aureus enhances influenza A virus replication through modulation of host cell vesicular transport

This study identifies FnbA as a Staphylococcus aureus protein that enhances influenza A virus replication by modulating host vesicular transport proteins.

Five decades of human H1N1 evolution reveal conserved glycan receptor specificity

This study examines the evolution of H1N1 influenza viruses over five decades, revealing conserved glycan receptor specificity despite amino acid changes in the hemagglutinin.

InfluProto: Predicting Cross-Species Transmission of Influenza A Virus via Prototype Learning

InfluProto predicts cross-species transmission of influenza A virus using prototype learning, showing high accuracy in host classification and detecting reassortment effects.

Mice immunized with N1 neuraminidase in a single cycle infectious virus or in a recombinant nanoparticle vaccine are protected against lethal challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 influenza

This study shows that mice vaccinated with a single-cycle influenza virus or a neuraminidase-decorated nanoparticle are protected from lethal H5N1 influenza challenge.

The transition to postpartum lactation establishes a state of maternal antiviral resilience

This study shows that postpartum lactation enhances maternal antiviral immunity, improving survival and disease outcomes after influenza infection.

Bovine H5N1 influenza viruses have adapted to more efficiently use receptors abundant in cattle

This study shows bovine H5N1 influenza viruses have adapted to efficiently use NeuGc receptors in cattle, enhancing replication without significantly altering zoonotic risk.

A multivalent mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine containing eight hemagglutinin antigens elicited broad neutralizing antibody responses and protected against influenza A virus challenge in swine.

This paper develops a multivalent mRNA-LNP vaccine with eight swine IAV HA antigens, showing broad neutralizing antibodies and protection against viral challenge.

Maternal Influenza A Virus Infection Induces Antiviral and Immune Dysregulation in the Placenta and Fetus Without Vertical Transmission

Maternal influenza A virus infection in pregnant pigtail macaques dysregulates placental and fetal immunity, with disease severity correlating strongly with fetal, but not placental, immune perturbations.

H5 influenza virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccination elicits adaptive immune responses in Holstein calves

This study evaluates the immune response of an H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine in calves against H5N1 influenza, showing robust antibody and CD8+ T cell responses and protection against infection.

Lung FDG-PET is an early pharmacodynamic biomarker of antiviral efficacy in preclinical influenza

This study shows that lung FDG-PET can detect early antiviral treatment effects in influenza models, correlating with viral load and inflammation.