SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research

The paper models antibody dynamics after COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers, finding that age, sex, and prior infection significantly affect antibody levels over time.

The study tracks long-term immune responses in healthcare workers after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection, finding that repeated exposure boosts antibody levels while anti-N IgG wanes rapidly.

This study shows that V(D)J-humanized mice can replicate severe SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting in humans, revealing that pre-existing antibody abundance influences imprinting severity.

The paper analyzes pangolin coronaviruses to identify a key immuno-evasive mutation at spike residue 519, similar to SARS-CoV-2, suggesting independent spillover events from bat reservoirs.

This study shows that sennoside A and ceftazidime inhibit RNA binding by the N protein of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, suggesting broad-spectrum antiviral potential.

This study evaluates leritrelvir's effectiveness against Mpro variants with resistance mutations, showing it restores dimerization and maintains inhibitory activity better than nirmatrelvir.

The paper identifies IL13-driven immune-epithelial remodeling in the nasal epithelium that restricts respiratory virus infection by reshaping the mucus barrier.

The paper develops a Bayesian model to aggregate NHP challenge study data and estimate SARS-CoV-1 infectious dose, enabling dose-response analysis despite limited data from individual studies.

The paper identifies a broadly neutralizing antibody targeting the S2 subunit of sarbecoviruses, revealing a conserved site of vulnerability in the spike protein.

The paper develops a phage display library, C-Spike, to profile antibody responses to coronavirus spike proteins and identifies binding motifs using alanine-scanned peptides.

This study identifies germline-encoded features as the primary driver of immunodominance in antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, using structural modeling and mutational analysis.

This paper designs an overlapping variant immunogen pool that elicits broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants and a chimeric SARS-CoV-1 virus.

This study finds that young children have lower neutralizing antibody titers against BA.3.2.2 compared to adults, despite similar titers against dominant variants, suggesting age-related differences in susceptibility.

This study identifies and characterizes a SARS-CoV-2 Mpro G23 deletion mutant resistant to ensitrelvir but not to nirmatrelvir or remdesivir.

This study shows BST-2 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 egress by tethering viral particles and ORF7a neutralizes this restriction by promoting BST-2 degradation.

The paper identifies distinct CD8+ T-cell types associated with mild versus severe COVID-19 in unvaccinated HLA-A2+ patients, showing protective immunity correlates with specific cell subsets.

This study investigates the biodistribution and effects of Ronapreve in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing it does not reach the brain but reduces viral loads in the lung and brain.

The paper identifies a 667-nucleotide region in SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 that binds nucleoprotein and enhances defective genome accumulation, revealing a new packaging signal element.

This study uses flow virometry to analyze spike antigenicity of endemic human coronaviruses, revealing cell line-dependent differences and heterogeneity not captured by bulk assays.

This study identifies ITCH as a key regulator of SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, showing it enhances virion assembly and secretion while suppressing spike protein cleavage, and demonstrates that ITCH inhibition reduces viral replication.

This study examines how pregnancy affects humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, finding delayed IgG4 induction and clonotype characteristics associated with pregnancy.

This study identifies SARS-CoV-2 PLpro's preference for basic amino acids at P1 and secondary motifs involving two basic residues, revealing structural constraints and implications for inhibitor design.

This study investigates the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 N protein and hnRNPA1, showing their physical binding and phase separation, and highlights hnRNPA1's role in suppressing viral replication.

This study investigates how IgG and IgA antibodies from serum are transported across respiratory epithelial cells and retain neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus.

This study evaluates a human DPP4 transgenic hamster model for MERS-CoV infection and transmission, showing efficient viral replication and similar clinical outcomes with two MERS-CoV strains.

This study characterizes the antigenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 variants BA.3.2.1 and BA.3.2.2 in three animal models and finds they are antigenically divergent from existing variants with lower homologous serum titers.

This study shows that transgenic Syrian hamsters expressing human DPP4 support MERS-CoV infection and direct contact transmission, making them a useful model for studying the virus.

This study simulates antibody-spike protein binding for SARS-CoV-2 variants and finds a decline in binding strength with viral evolution, but some re-entrance of binding strength for most antibodies.

This study develops a model to show how mechanical forces regulate coronavirus entry by strengthening ACE2 binding and promoting spike protein disassembly.

This study identifies cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 Macrodomain 1 using a catalytically inactive mutant, revealing its role in host protein folding and interferon suppression.