Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Brain PDGFRβ+ cells exhibit diverse reactive phenotypes after stroke without requiring KLF4

This study shows brain PDGFRβ+ cells show diverse reactive phenotypes after stroke, and KLF4 is not required for their activation or scar formation.

IFNγ and proinflammatory cytokines cooperatively license astrocytes to support antigen-dependent CD4+ T cell restimulation

The paper shows that IFNγ and proinflammatory cytokines activate astrocytes to express antigen-presenting machinery, supporting CD4+ T cell restimulation in vitro and in vivo.

An integrated human forebrain organoid reveals microglia-mediated CD8⁺ T cell recruitment and neuroimmune dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease pathology

Evolved differences in microglial cell biology between surface and cave populations of Astyanax mexicanus

The paper compares microglial cell biology between surface and cave populations of Astyanax mexicanus, finding increased microglia numbers and altered lysosomal activity in cavefish.

Fetal microglia show region-specific and morphology-dependent sex differences in their responsiveness to prenatal maternal stress

This study shows that prenatal maternal cold stress causes male-specific changes in fetal microglia morphology and function in the hypothalamic PVN, which may contribute to sex differences in social behavior.

Dendrimer Delivered shRNA Targeting the CCL20-CCR6 Axis Suppresses Complement-Mediated Microglial Synaptic Pruning and Ameliorates Chronic Neuroinflammation After Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury

This study identifies the CCL20-CCR6 axis as a driver of chronic neuroinflammation after rTBI and shows that shRNA targeting this axis reduces synaptic loss and improves behavioral outcomes.

Discovery of ILT3 (LILRB4) Small Molecule Inhibitors by Affinity Se-lection-Mass Spectrometry Reveals Druggability of a Neuroimmune Checkpoint in Alzheimers Disease

This study identifies small molecule inhibitors of ILT3 using AS-MS, showing they improve cognition and reduce amyloid in Alzheimer's disease models.

Oxidative Stress-Induced Microglial CD22 Upregulation Impairs Phagocytosis and Exacerbates Huntingtons Disease

This study identifies CD22 upregulation in microglia due to oxidative stress in HD, which impairs phagocytosis and worsens disease progression.

Complement 3a Receptor mediates high fat diet induced hypothalamic accumulation of lipid associated microglia to regulate neuroinflammation and obesity

This study identifies C3aR as a mediator of HFD-induced hypothalamic microgliosis and obesity, showing its role in lipid droplet formation and neuroinflammation.

4-Methylumbelliferone Restores Age-Related Changes in Perineuronal Nets, Memory and Neuroinflammation

This study shows that 4-MU reduces PNNs, improves memory, and decreases neuroinflammation in aged mice.

TREM2 deficiency causes region-specific brain effects in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy

This study shows that TREM2 deficiency causes region-specific changes in vascular amyloid and tau pathology in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Normal aging increases white matter microglial reaction and perivascular macrophages in the microcebe primate

This study examines age-related changes in microglia and perivascular macrophages in microcebe primates, finding increased HLA-DR+ expression in white matter and perivascular regions with aging.

Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes lipid droplet-mediated microglial dysfunction

This study shows Porphyromonas gingivalis infection increases lipid droplets in microglia, leading to oxidative stress and impaired function, which may contribute to Alzheimer's disease progression.

Targeting glial PD-1/PD-L1 restores microglial homeostasis and attenuates neuronal hyperactivity in Alzheimer's disease model

This study shows that targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in glial cells improves microglial function and reduces neuronal hyperactivity in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

Age-associated B cells (ABCs) develop from a CNS-localized progenitor pool into a pro-inflammatory phenotype after stroke

The paper identifies age-associated B cells (ABCs) in the CNS that develop from a localized progenitor pool and contribute to impaired post-stroke recovery in mice.

Immune Checkpoint B7-H3 Inhibition Reprograms Acute Neuroinflammation and Protects the Brain After Acute Ischemic Stroke

This study inhibits B7-H3 after stroke to reduce brain damage and improve functional outcomes by reprogramming neuroinflammation.

Regulators of Interferon-Responsive Microglia Uncovered by Genome-wide CRISPRi Screening

This study identifies 772 genes regulating the interferon-responsive microglia state using CRISPRi screening in human iPSC-derived microglia, including novel regulators like CNOT10.

Increased Synapse Elimination by Inflammatory Cells Contributes to Long-lasting Post-Stroke Memory Dysfunction in Old Mice

This study shows that old mice experience long-term memory issues after stroke due to increased synapse removal by inflammatory cells, which can be mitigated by activating 7-nAchRs.

Natural Microbial Enrichment Modulates Microglial States and Transcriptional Programs Relevant to Alzheimer's Disease

This study shows that introducing natural microbial environments to mice alters microglial states and transcriptional programs, increasing similarity to human Alzheimer's disease profiles.

A human pluripotent stem cell tri-culture platform to elucidate microglial regulation of retinal ganglion cells in neuroinflammation

This study uses a human pluripotent stem cell tri-culture system to investigate how microglia influence retinal ganglion cell health and disease in neuroinflammation.

Sibling chimerism among microglia in marmosets

The paper identifies sibling-derived chimerism in microglia and macrophages across marmoset tissues using single-cell RNA-seq, showing hematopoietic origin and regional variation in brain microglia.

Plasticity of Human Microglia and Brain Perivascular Macrophages in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

The paper profiles human myeloid cells across aging and Alzheimer's disease, identifies AD-associated changes, and links GPNMB to neuroprotection via TREM2.

Phage Display-Derived Cyclic Peptides Target TREM2 and Modulate Microglial Responses under Amyloid Stress

This study identifies cyclic peptides that bind TREM2 and modulate microglial responses under amyloid stress, suggesting their potential as neuroimmune therapeutics.

Transcriptional regulation of disease-relevant microglial activation programs

The paper identifies regulators of microglial activation states using CRISPR screens and single-cell transcriptomics, revealing functional roles of ZNF532, PRDM1, and DNMT1 in disease-associated microglial states.

Atypical chemokine receptor 3 regulates synaptic removal in disease astrocytes

This study identifies Ackr3 as a regulator of astrocyte-mediated synaptic removal in disease, showing its role in synapse engulfment and its upregulation in Alzheimer's disease.

Plaque-associated Microglial Polarization in Visual Brain Regions of the 5xFAD Mouse Model

The paper examines Aβ pathology and microglial responses in visual brain regions of 5xFAD mice, finding significant Aβ accumulation and microglial polarization in image-forming regions but not in non-image-forming regions.

FcγR- and CD9-dependent synapse engulfing microglia in the thalamus drive cognitive impairment following cortical brain damage

The paper shows that thalamic microglia engulfing synapses, driven by CD9 and FcγRIII signals, cause cognitive impairment after cortical injury.

Cribriform Plate Microenvironment Assembles a Suppressive Myeloid Network during EAE-induced Neuroinflammation

The paper characterizes myeloid cell populations at the cribriform plate during EAE-induced neuroinflammation, finding they exhibit tolerance and reduced inflammatory profiles.

Single nuclear RNA sequencing shows altered microglial and astrocytic functions in post-mortem Parkinson's disease tissue

This study uses snRNA-seq data from post-mortem Parkinson's disease tissue to identify altered molecular pathways in microglia and astrocytes, showing upregulated protein misfolding responses and downregulated inflammation-related genes.

Prolonged systemic inflammation worsens impairments to astrocyte Ca2+ and functional hyperemia in Alzheimer's disease

This study investigates how prolonged systemic inflammation exacerbates astrocyte dysfunction and neurovascular coupling impairments in Alzheimer's disease.