Respiratory viral infections research

RSV Infects the Human Nasal Epithelium via the Basolateral Route with Distinct Subgroup Infectivity and Basal Cell Tropism

This study shows RSV can infect respiratory epithelium via the basolateral route, targeting basal cells, with RSV/B/BA showing higher basolateral infectivity than RSV/A/ON.

Respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 1 inhibits production of cytokines and chemokines by differentiated primary nasal epithelial cells cultured at air-liquid interface

This study shows RSV NS1 supports viral replication by inhibiting IFN production and chemokine secretion in nasal epithelial cells, using an ALI model for vaccine assessment.

Characterization of bronchiolitis and vaccine-induced enhanced respiratory disease in Syrian hamsters caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection

This study characterizes RSV infection and vaccine-induced ERD in Syrian hamsters, showing age-dependent viral replication, pathological changes, and ERD responses similar to humans.

Infant RSV infection desensitizes β2-adrenergic receptor via CXCL11-CXCR7 signaling in airway smooth muscle

This study shows RSV infection desensitizes β2AR in infant ASMCs via CXCL11-CXCR7 signaling, leading to airway resistance and potential therapeutic targeting.

Donor-derived airway ALI model for high-throughput screening of antiviral combinations with concurrent analysis of antiviral efficacy and epithelial toxicity using ciliR

The paper presents a donor-derived air-liquid interface model for screening antiviral combinations against RSV, with tools to assess efficacy and epithelial toxicity.

DEVELOPMENT OF A POTENT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY FOR TREATMENT OF HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS

This paper describes the discovery of a potent monoclonal antibody, 4F11, that neutralizes HMPV with high efficacy and low resistance potential.

Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization modulates human nasal epithelial responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection

This study shows that Streptococcus pneumoniae precolonization reduces RSV levels and modulates epithelial transcriptional responses to RSV infection more than other nasal bacteria.

RSM01, an extended half-life RSV monoclonal antibody with a high barrier to resistance

This study evaluates the resistance barrier of RSM01, a long-acting RSV monoclonal antibody, showing infrequent and moderate in vitro resistance compared to licensed mAbs.

De novo design of a safe and potent respiratory syncytial virus immuno-focusing antigen

This study designs a de novo RSV antigen using AI to reduce immunopathology while maintaining immunogenicity, showing safety and efficacy in preclinical models.

Pre-assembly of biomolecular condensate seeds drives RSV replication

This study shows that RSV forms condensates by pre-assembling replication centers within viral particles, explaining infection heterogeneity and enabling efficient replication without requiring pre-existing condensates.

Expression Levels of the Attachment Protein G Differ Between Strains of a Murine Pneumovirus and Determine the Virulence

The paper identifies differences in G protein expression levels between PVM strains, linking these differences to virulence through genetic variations in the G gene.

A potently neutralizing and protective human antibody targeting antigenic site V on RSV and hMPV fusion glycoprotein

The paper identifies a human antibody that neutralizes RSV and hMPV by targeting a novel epitope spanning multiple antigenic sites, showing cross-protection in a mouse model.

A single methylation site regulates HRSV nucleocapsid architecture and replication

This study identifies R27 methylation as a regulator of HRSV nucleocapsid structure and replication through molecular dynamics and cryo-EM analyses.

Antiviral drug synergy and mutational signatures in different epithelial cell models of RSV and hPIV infection

This study evaluates antiviral drug synergy and mutational signatures of RdRp inhibitors against RSV and hPIV in epithelial cell models and primary airway cultures.

A rhinovirus vaccine evokes T cell mediated cross-reactive immunity in a preclinical model of rhinovirus infection

This study evaluates a rhinovirus (RV) vaccine, showing it induces cross-reactive T cell immunity and protection against heterotypic RV infection in mice.

Bridging Genomics and Clinical Medicine: RSVrecon Enhances RSV Surveillance with Automated Genotyping and Clinically-important Mutation Reporting

RSVrecon is a bioinformatics pipeline that enhances RSV surveillance by automating genotyping and reporting clinically important mutations, providing user-friendly results for clinical researchers.

Structural Basis for Childhood Antibody Recognition of The Human Metapneumovirus Fusion Protein

This study identifies antibody epitopes on the hMPV F protein from children and shows their neutralizing activity and prophylactic efficacy in mice.

Can Plitidepsin Be Used as an Antiviral Against RSV?

This study investigates plitidepsin's antiviral potential against HRSV, finding it inhibits replication but also causes cellular translation inhibition and eEF1A degradation, suggesting risks for antiviral use.

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus FG Chimeric Vaccine KD-409 in Rodent Models for Maternal and Pediatric Vaccination

This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the RSV FG chimeric vaccine KD-409 in rodent models, showing it is safer and more effective than existing pre-F vaccines.

Dynamics of interactions between three major respiratory pathogens in reconstituted human epithelium

This study examines virus-virus interactions among IAV, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV in a human airway epithelium model, revealing dynamic, asymmetric effects influenced by infection order and host responses.

Analysis of the surface topology of respiratory syncytial virus particles that form on the surface of virus-infected cells.

This study uses electron and atomic force microscopy to image the surface topology of RSV filaments on infected cells, revealing structured domains and glycocalyx involvement.

Rational design of respiratory syncytial virus dimeric F-subunit vaccines in protein and mRNA forms

This study designs and tests dimeric RSV F-subunit vaccines in protein and mRNA forms, showing enhanced immunogenicity and protection against RSV infection in rodent models.

Contemporary seasonal human coronaviruses display differences in cellular tropism compared to laboratory-adapted reference strains

This study isolates and characterizes contemporary seasonal human coronaviruses, showing differences in cell tropism and growth compared to lab-adapted strains.

Human Rhinovirus 16 impacts cilia structure in 3D cultured primary bronchial epithelial tissue through alternative splicing of host cilia RNAs.

This study shows HRV16 infection alters host cilia structure via alternative splicing of cilia RNAs, mediated by SRPK1 regulation.

Evolutionary dynamics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods in Houston, Texas, USA

This study analyzes RSV evolutionary dynamics across pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods in Houston, finding reduced diversity during the pandemic and increased non-synonymous mutations in RSV/B.

Respiratory syncytial virus load-dependent ciliated cell dedifferentiation and downregulation of immune response genes

This study shows RSV causes ciliated cell dedifferentiation and downregulates immune response genes, with IRF1 remaining expressed and reducing viral replication.

Structural basis for postfusion-specific binding to Respiratory Syncytial Virus F protein by the canonical antigenic site I antibody 131-2a

This study determines the epitope of the postfusion-specific antibody 131-2a against RSV-F using mass spectrometry, revealing the structural basis for its specificity.

Oral dosing of the nucleoside analog obeldesivir is efficacious against RSV infection in African green monkeys

This study shows that oral obeldesivir is effective against RSV infection in African green monkeys, reducing viral load significantly.

RSV F evolution escapes some monoclonal antibodies but does not strongly erode neutralization by human polyclonal sera

This study shows RSV F evolution can escape some monoclonal antibodies but does not strongly reduce neutralization by human polyclonal sera, and introduces a tool to measure neutralization against RSV strains.

Dysregulated airway epithelial antiviral immunity in Down Syndrome impairs type III IFN response and amplifies airway inflammation during RSV infection.

This study shows that Down Syndrome impairs type III IFN response and increases proinflammatory mediators in airway epithelial cells during RSV infection, leading to severe inflammation.