Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Brain-Engrafted Monocyte-derived Macrophages from Blood and Skull-Bone Marrow Exhibit Distinct Identities from Microglia

The paper identifies distinct transcriptional and epigenetic profiles of brain-engrafted monocyte-derived macrophages compared to microglia, showing their origin from peripheral blood and skull bone marrow.

Mind the translational gap: human microglia differ from mouse microglia in their regulation of Kv and Kir2.1 channels

The paper compares Kv and Kir2.1 channel activity in human and mouse microglia, finding significant differences in their regulation and functional responses.

Microglial morphology reflects cognitive status in the aging rat brain

The paper examines how microglial morphology correlates with cognitive performance in aging rats, finding that specific microglial subtypes are associated with cognitive function in key brain regions.

Spared cognitive and social function following perinatal ablation of ATRX despite transient microglia dysregulation

This study shows that perinatal loss of ATRX in microglia leads to chronic reactivity and turnover but does not affect cognitive or social functions.

Aβ-Overlapping Ectodomain Binding of the Clinical-Stage TREM2 Agonist VG-3927

This study identifies a binding site for the TREM2 agonist VG-3927 within the ectodomain hydrophobic groove and shows that Aβ1-42 competes with VG-3927 for binding.

Partial overlap in the symptom profile induced by microglia activation and systemic inflammation

This study compares symptoms from acute microglial activation and systemic inflammation in mice, finding shared and distinct behavioral effects.

Peripheral B cell populations tune spontaneous neuronal activity in the uninjured hippocampus after stroke

This study shows that B cells modulate hippocampal neuronal activity after stroke, with effects dependent on age, sex, and injury status.

High-Throughput Fragment Screening Identifies a New Small Molecule Scaffold that Modulates TREM2 Signaling

This study identifies a new small molecule scaffold that modulates TREM2 signaling through fragment-based drug discovery and SAR analysis.

The tri-culture system reveals an activation cascade from microglia through astrocytes to neurons during neuroinflammation

The paper develops a tri-culture system of human neurons, astrocytes, and microglia to study neuroinflammation and reveals a cascade of activation from microglia to astrocytes to neurons.

Serum amyloid A-dependent inflammasome activation and acute injury in a mouse model of experimental stroke

This study investigates the role of serum amyloid A (SAA) in ischemic stroke, finding that SAA deficiency reduces infarct volume and inflammation.

The Arp2/3 complex is required for in situ haptotactic response of microglia to iC3b

This study shows that the Arp2/3 complex is essential for microglia to respond haptotactically to iC3b, facilitating synaptic pruning through phagocytosis and migration.

ApoE-Dependent Lipid Handling by Median Eminence Microglia Preserves Myelin Integrity and Metabolic Function

This study identifies ApoE-dependent lipid handling in median eminence microglia that preserves myelin integrity and metabolic function, showing therapeutic potential through liver X receptor activation.

Mutant ATXN1 impacts human and mouse microglia and contributes to cognitive, mood, and motor deficits in SCA1 mice

This study shows that mutant ATXN1 affects microglia in human and mouse models, leading to cognitive, mood, and motor deficits in SCA1 mice, which are ameliorated by reducing mutant ATXN1 in microglia.

Microbiome depletion rejuvenates the aging brain

The paper shows that depleting the gut microbiome in aged mice rejuvenates the brain by improving vascular density, myelination, neurogenesis, and reducing inflammation.

HAPI Cells are SIM-A9-related Mouse Microglial Cells Useful for In Vitro Modeling of Microglial Immunometabolism

The paper identifies HAPI cells as mouse microglial cells related to SIM-A9 and validates their use for in vitro immunometabolism studies.

Microglial reactivity in the hippocampal CA2 is associated with advanced neuronal α-synucleinopathy

This study examines the association between microglial reactivity and neuronal α-synucleinopathy in specific hippocampal subfields in Lewy body disease patients.

Reprogrammed neutrophils with impaired transit mechanics drive multi-organ capillary stalling after stroke

This study identifies reprogrammed neutrophils with impaired transit mechanics as a driver of multi-organ capillary stalling after stroke, showing therapeutic potential through Fgr inhibition.

Wnt-3a exacerbates production of TNF-α in LPS stimulated microglia independent of the β-catenin canonical pathway

This study shows Wnt-3a increases TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated microglia through non-canonical Wnt pathways, not the β-catenin pathway.

Th17 effector cytokines induce shared and distinct microglial and endothelial cell responses in post-streptococcal encephalitis

This study identifies IL-17A-IL-17RA signaling in microglia as a critical driver of BBB dysfunction after GAS infections using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics.

MEA-LINK identifies the CCL4-CCR5 axis in neuronal hyperactivity control by human microglia

MEA-LINK identifies CCL4-CCR5 signaling as a mechanism by which human microglia regulate neuronal hyperactivity through secreted factors and network activity.

Emergence of microglia structural and functional heterogeneity between hippocampal subregions during development into early adulthood

The paper examines microglial phagocytic activity and morphology across hippocampal subregions during development, finding subregion-specific changes in microglial phenotype in early adulthood.

Shared Transcriptomic Signatures in Perilesional and Contralesional Cortex

The paper compares gene expression in perilesional and contralesional cortex after stroke, finding shared inflammatory responses and microglia signaling in both regions across sexes.

Repeated fentanyl abstinence intensifies opioid withdrawal and induces a proinflammatory state in striatal microglia

This study shows that repeated fentanyl withdrawal worsens behavioral withdrawal and induces a proinflammatory state in striatal microglia in mice.

Functional border-associated macrophages limit Alzheimer's Disease progression

This study shows that border-associated macrophages (BAM) are critical in limiting Alzheimer's Disease progression by clearing beta-amyloid, and their loss accelerates disease pathology.

PTP1B inhibition promotes microglial phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease models by enhancing SYK signaling

This study shows that inhibiting PTP1B enhances microglial phagocytosis and reduces Aβ burden in AD models by boosting SYK signaling.

A common Iba1 antibody labels vasopressin neurons in mice

The paper identifies that a goat anti-Iba1 antibody labels vasopressin neurons in mice, not microglia, highlighting the need for antibody validation.

Investigating the role of cortical microglia in a mouse model of viral infection-induced seizures

The paper investigates how cortical microglia respond to TMEV infection by analyzing purinergic signaling, cytokine levels, and receptor expression across brain regions.

Injury-transduced SerpinOLs modulate neuroinflammation and glial activation in the diseased and non-diseased CNS

This study identifies SerpinOLs as injury-responsive oligodendrocytes that modulate neuroinflammation and glial activation in both diseased and healthy CNS conditions.

Single cell profiling reveals GSM-15606 attenuates air pollution-induced inflammation and preserves hippocampal neurogenesis

The paper uses single-cell RNA sequencing to show GSM-15606 reduces inflammation and preserves neurogenesis in the hippocampus of mice exposed to air pollution.

Increased CD33 levels tune activation and function of iinduced human microglial cells through inhibition of the TREM2 pathway

This study shows that CD33 modulates microglial function in Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting TREM2 activation, with reduced CD33 increasing amyloid beta uptake and TREM2 activity.