Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Discovery of ILT3 (LILRB4) Small Molecule Inhibitors by Affinity Se-lection-Mass Spectrometry Reveals Druggability of a Neuroimmune Checkpoint in Alzheimers Disease

This study identifies small molecule inhibitors of ILT3 using AS-MS, showing they improve cognition and reduce amyloid in Alzheimer's disease models.

Oxidative Stress-Induced Microglial CD22 Upregulation Impairs Phagocytosis and Exacerbates Huntingtons Disease

This study identifies CD22 upregulation in microglia due to oxidative stress in HD, which impairs phagocytosis and worsens disease progression.

Cross-source proteogenomic profiling of human microglia reveals a conserved core membrane protein and HERV signature

This study compares transcriptome and proteome profiles of three microglia sources, identifying shared surface markers and HERV expression patterns, suggesting MDMi as a practical model for functional studies.

Complement 3a Receptor mediates high fat diet induced hypothalamic accumulation of lipid associated microglia to regulate neuroinflammation and obesity

This study identifies C3aR as a mediator of HFD-induced hypothalamic microgliosis and obesity, showing its role in lipid droplet formation and neuroinflammation.

4-Methylumbelliferone Restores Age-Related Changes in Perineuronal Nets, Memory and Neuroinflammation

This study shows that 4-MU reduces PNNs, improves memory, and decreases neuroinflammation in aged mice.

Magel2 deficiency drives microglial synaptic engulfment and alters neuron-microglia interactions in Prader-Willi syndrome

This study shows that Magel2 deficiency in a mouse model of Prader-Willi syndrome causes microglial structural changes and increased synaptic engulfment, altering neuron-microglia interactions and hypothalamic circuit function.

Microglia sculpt dopamine receptor-mediated adolescent behaviors in a social experience dependent manner

This study shows that microglia regulate dopamine receptor pruning in adolescent rats, influencing social behaviors through complement-mediated engulfment, with sex-specific effects of social isolation.

Stage-Specific NF-κB RelA and IRF4 Programs Drive -Synuclein-Induced Disease-Associated Microglia Differentiation

This study identifies NF-κB RelA and IRF4 as stage-specific regulators driving -synuclein-induced disease-associated microglia differentiation in Parkinson disease.

CAR T cell targeting of inflammatory myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow remodels border-associated macrophages and reverses cognitive aging

This study shows that targeting inflammatory myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow with CAR T cells reduces neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer's models.

SALL1 and neural microenvironmental contextspecify identity of stem cell derived humanmicroglia-like cells

This study identifies how SALL1 and neural microenvironmental context shape the identity of stem cell-derived human microglia-like cells in 2D and 3D cultures.

Lactate Promotes an Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype in Activated Microglia

This study shows lactate reduces pro-inflammatory responses in microglia by decreasing inflammatory markers and increasing anti-inflammatory markers in vitro and in a neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia model.

TREM2 deficiency causes region-specific brain effects in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy

This study shows that TREM2 deficiency causes region-specific changes in vascular amyloid and tau pathology in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Normal aging increases white matter microglial reaction and perivascular macrophages in the microcebe primate

This study examines age-related changes in microglia and perivascular macrophages in microcebe primates, finding increased HLA-DR+ expression in white matter and perivascular regions with aging.

Microglia integration into midbrain organoids: Origin matters

This study integrates postmortem PD microglia, iPSC-derived microglial progenitors, and iPSC-derived microglia into midbrain organoids, showing that postmortem microglia have higher infiltration capacity and better markers of maturity.

Extracellular CIRP induces neurotoxic astrocytes via TREM-1 in Alzheimer's disease

This study shows eCIRP induces neurotoxic astrocytes via TREM-1 in Alzheimer's disease, with M3 blocking this effect.

Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes lipid droplet-mediated microglial dysfunction

This study shows Porphyromonas gingivalis infection increases lipid droplets in microglia, leading to oxidative stress and impaired function, which may contribute to Alzheimer's disease progression.

Cx3cr1-BAC-CRE-mediated knockout of toll-like receptor 4 alters mouse communicative behaviors, microglial morphology, and engulfment of synaptic material

This study shows that TLR4 signaling in CX3CR1-expressing myeloid cells affects microglial morphology, synaptic engulfment, and communicative behaviors in mice under normal conditions.

Female-Biased IL-17/STAT3 Signaling Marks Dementia-Associated Microglial Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease

The paper identifies a female-biased IL-17/STAT3 signaling program in microglia associated with dementia in Alzheimer's disease using single-cell transcriptomics.

A self-limiting, TREM2-dependent anabolic program confers microglial resilience in Alzheimer's disease

The paper shows that TREM2-dependent anabolic programs in microglia decline with advancing Alzheimer's disease, linking anabolic capacity to microglial resilience rather than activation state.

Compartment-Specific Lysosomal Heterogeneity in Microglia Is Regulated by Adaptor Protein Complex-4

The paper identifies lysosomal heterogeneity in microglia and shows that AP-4 regulates compartment-specific differences in protease content and CD68 distribution.

Engineered nanosponges mitigate peripheral stress-induced neuroinflammation and restore cognitive function

This study develops HA Tau nanosponges that reduce systemic inflammation and cognitive decline in aged mice by sequestering inflammatory proteins without suppressing immunity.

Targeting glial PD-1/PD-L1 restores microglial homeostasis and attenuates neuronal hyperactivity in Alzheimer's disease model

This study shows that targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in glial cells improves microglial function and reduces neuronal hyperactivity in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

CX3CR1+ microglia/macrophages, activated T cells, and IFN-γ-driven stimulation confer age-dependent protective immunity in young-adult mice following β-coronavirus infection.

This study identifies age-dependent immune mechanisms that confer neuroprotection in young-adult mice infected with β-coronavirus, highlighting differences in immune cell activation and response.

RamiGlyph Captures Microglial Morphological Diversity and Predicts Functional States in Ischemia Reperfusion and Amyloid Pathology

Pro-inflammatory microglia drive escalated alcohol consumption during early abstinence

The paper shows that pro-inflammatory microglia increase IRF7 levels and ethanol self-administration in rats during early abstinence, which is reduced by minocycline treatment.

Atypical Chemokine Receptor DARC/ACKR1 Is Expressed Selectively by Neurons with Regional Heterogeneity and Protects against Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment

This study identifies DARC/ACKR1 as a neuron-specific receptor that reduces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in mice and humans.

A sphingomyelin-cholesterol complex regulates TLR4 activation in microglia

This study identifies cholesterol accessibility as a key driver of TLR4-dependent microglial activation, showing that SR-B1 mediates LPS-induced cholesterol uptake and regulates TLR4 signaling and inflammatory responses.

Brain-resident myeloid cells promote rapid leukocyte adhesion in leptomeningeal vessels after anti-Aβ immunotherapy

This study shows anti-Aβ immunotherapy triggers rapid immune-vascular interactions in the leptomeningeal interface, leading to peripheral immune cell adhesion and potentially contributing to ARIA.

Maternal high-fat diet drives sex-specific microglia remodeling of serotonergic reward circuitry

This study shows maternal high-fat diet causes sex-specific microglia remodeling of serotonergic reward circuits in mice, leading to altered behavior and serotonin function.

Age-associated B cells (ABCs) develop from a CNS-localized progenitor pool into a pro-inflammatory phenotype after stroke

The paper identifies age-associated B cells (ABCs) in the CNS that develop from a localized progenitor pool and contribute to impaired post-stroke recovery in mice.