F. Kirchhoff

CD4 downregulation precedes Env expression and protects HIV-1-infected cells from ADCC mediated by non-neutralizing antibodies

The paper shows CD4 downregulation precedes Env expression in HIV-1-infected cells, making them resistant to non-neutralizing antibody-mediated ADCC.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Envelope T9I adaptation confers resistance to autophagy

The paper shows that the T9I mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 E protein confers autophagy resistance in Omicron variants, contributing to their spread.

Attenuated replication and damaging effects of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in an intestinal epithelial barrier model

This study compares the effects of SARS-CoV-2 early strains and Omicron variants on intestinal barrier function using a human gut epithelial model, finding Omicron causes less damage.

Traitor-virus-guided discovery of novel antiviral factors

This study uses HIV-guided CRISPR to identify antiviral factors by analyzing sgRNA enrichment during viral replication.

Tetherin restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication despite antagonistic effects of Spike and ORF7a

This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 S and ORF7a antagonize Tetherin, but Tetherin still restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication.

Modulation of type I interferon responses potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in rhesus macaques

This study shows that modulating type I interferon responses in rhesus macaques reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral load and inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for severe COVID-19.

Small CD4 mimetics sensitize HIV-1-infected macrophages to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

The paper shows that small CD4 mimetics expose ADCC epitopes on HIV-1-infected macrophages, making them susceptible to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

Determinants of Spike Infectivity, Processing and Neutralization in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2

This study examines how specific mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike protein affect infectivity, processing, and neutralization by antibodies.

HIV-1 Vpu restricts Fc-mediated effector functions in vivo

This study shows that HIV-1 Vpu reduces nnAb recognition and ADCC resistance, with nnAb Fc-effector functions dependent on Env's open conformation.

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are dependent on IFITM2 for efficient replication in human lung cells

The paper was withdrawn due to duplicate submission and is not intended for citation.

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern remain dependent on IFITM2 for efficient replication in human lung cells

This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) require IFITM2 for efficient replication in human lung cells, with IFITM2 depletion reducing viral RNA and infectious virus production by over four orders of magnitude.

The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 maintains high sensitivity to interferons in human lung cells

This study examines IFN sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variants, finding Delta remains as sensitive as early isolates, while Alpha, Beta, and Gamma show increased resistance.

Detection of the HIV-1 accessory proteins Nef and Vpu by flow cytometry represents a new tool to study their functional interplay within a single infected CD4+ T cell

The paper develops a flow cytometry method to detect HIV-1 Nef and Vpu in CD4+ T cells, showing Vpu cannot compensate for Nef absence in ADCC susceptibility.

Evolutionary plasticity of SH3 domain binding by Nef proteins of the HIV 1/SIVcpz lentiviral lineage

This paper shows that Nef proteins from HIV and SIV use different structural strategies, called R-clamps, to bind SH3 domains, with variations in amino acids at positions 83 and 120.

Spike mutation T403R allows bat coronavirus RaTG13 to use human ACE2

The paper shows that a single amino acid mutation in the Spike protein of bat coronavirus RaTG13 enables it to use human ACE2 for infection.

Natural Cystatin C fragments inhibit GPR15-mediated HIV and SIV infection without interfering with GPR15L signaling

The paper identifies a Cystatin C fragment that inhibits GPR15-mediated HIV and SIV infection without affecting GPR15L signaling.

Imperfect innate immune antagonism renders SARS-CoV-2 vulnerable towards IFN-γ and -{lambda}

This study identifies SARS-CoV-2's vulnerability to IFN-γ and -λ due to its inefficient antagonism of type I and II IFN responses, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies.

Species-specific differences in antagonism of APOBEC3 proteins by HIV-2 and SIVsmm Vif proteins

This study compares the ability of HIV-2 and SIVsmm Vif proteins to counteract human APOBEC3 proteins, showing HIV-2 acquired adaptive changes for efficient counteraction in humans.

An optimized derivative of an endogenous CXCR4 antagonist prevents atopic dermatitis and airway inflammation

The paper develops an optimized CXCR4 antagonist, JM#21, which effectively prevents atopic dermatitis and airway inflammation in mouse models.

IFITM proteins promote SARS-CoV-2 infection and are targets for virus inhibition

This study shows that IFITM proteins are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be targeted to inhibit viral entry and replication.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection

The paper identifies 1-antitrypsin as a specific inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, showing it blocks viral infection of human airway epithelium at physiological concentrations.

The Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein restricts SARS-CoV-2

This paper identifies ZAP as an IFN-induced antiviral effector that restricts SARS-CoV-2 by targeting CpG dinucleotides, though SARS-CoV-2 may be adapted to low CpG environments.

Intravital quantification of absolute cytoplasmic B cell calcium reveals dynamic signaling across B cell differentiation stages

The paper quantifies absolute cytoplasmic calcium in B cells using a novel reporter strain and intravital imaging, revealing dynamic calcium fluctuations during differentiation.

Structural basis for tetherin antagonism as a barrier to zoonotic lentiviral transmission

The paper determines the structure of SIV Nef interacting with simian tetherin and AP-2, revealing how Nef bypasses tetherin's antiviral function by refolding AP-2 and creating a binding site for the DIWK motif.