J. Chai

The barley MLA13-AVRA13 heterodimer reveals principles for immunoreceptor recognition of RNase-like powdery mildew effectors

The paper determines the cryo-EM structure of the MLA13-AVRA13-1 heterodimer and shows how a single amino acid substitution in MLA7 expands effector recognition.

Design and optimization of novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors against agricultural fungi based on Transformer model

This study uses a Transformer model to design novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors against agricultural fungi, resulting in potent antifungal compounds through virtual screening and optimization.

A simplified disease resistance assay using YFP-expressing Potato Virus X in N. benthamiana reveals a cell death-independent immune function of RBA1

This paper introduces a simplified assay using PVX-YFP to assess RBA1-mediated disease resistance in N. benthamiana, showing it can detect resistance independent of cell death.

Structural polymorphisms within a common powdery mildew effector scaffold as a driver of co-evolution with cereal immune receptors

This study reports the structures of powdery mildew effector proteins and shows how structural polymorphisms within a common scaffold drive co-evolution with cereal immune receptors.

TIR-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation reactions produce signaling molecules for plant immunity

The paper shows TIR domains catalyze ADP-ribosylation reactions to produce signaling molecules that specifically activate the EDS1-SAG101-NRG1 immunity branch in plants.

Identification and receptor mechanism of TIR-catalyzed small molecules in plant immunity

The paper identifies TIR-catalyzed pRib-AMP/ADP as a signaling molecule in plant immunity and shows it binds to the EDS1-PAD4 complex.

A wheat resistosome defines common principles of immune receptor channels

This study reports the cryo-EM structure of the wheat CNL Sr35 resistosome and shows its structural and functional conservation with the Arabidopsis ZAR1 resistosome.

TIR domains of plant immune receptors are 2',3'-cAMP/cGMP synthetases mediating cell death

AlphaFold Protein Structure Database for Sequence-Independent Molecular Replacement

The paper tests if AlphaFold-predicted protein structures can be used for sequence-independent molecular replacement in crystallography, successfully determining two unknown contaminant structures.

Structural Basis for SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein in Recognition of Human Cell Junction Protein PALS1

The paper determines the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 E protein-PALS1 complex using cryo-EM, revealing a hydrophobic interaction that explains viral spread and suggesting therapeutic targets.

Immune elicitation by sensing the conserved signature from phytocytokines and microbes via the Arabidopsis MIK2 receptor

The paper identifies MIK2 as a plant receptor that recognizes conserved peptide motifs from phytocytokines and microbial proteins, triggering immune responses through a signaling relay.

Structural and biochemical mechanisms of NLRP1 inhibition by DPP9

This study identifies the structural and biochemical mechanism by which DPP9 inhibits NLRP1, preventing its activation and maintaining it in an auto-inhibited state.

Abnormal nitration and S-sulfhydration of Sp1-CSE-H2S pathway contribute to the progress of HHcy

This study identifies how abnormal nitration and S-sulfhydration of the Sp1-CSE-H2S pathway contribute to the progression of hyperhomocysteinemia through a self-reinforcing cycle.

The Signature Microbiota Driving Rumen Function Shifts in Goat Kids Introduced Solid Diet Regimes

This study identifies signature microbiota linked to rumen function shifts in goat kids due to solid diet supplementation using machine learning and functional analysis.

Plant mixed lineage kinase domain-like proteins limit biotrophic pathogen growth

The paper identifies a plant MLKL protein family structurally similar to vertebrate MLKL, which provides immunity against pathogens without inducing cell death.

Population Genetics Based Phylogenetics Under Stabilizing Selection for an Optimal Amino Acid Sequence: A Nested Modeling Approach

The paper introduces SelAC, a phylogenetic model that improves tree inference by incorporating stabilizing selection and protein synthesis rates, showing better fit than existing models on yeast data.